Prevention of contrast nephropathy by furosemide with matched hydration: the MYTHOS (Induced Diuresis With Matched Hydration Compared to Standard Hydration for Contrast Induced Nephropathy Prevention) trial.

OBJECTIVES This study investigated the effect of furosemide-forced diuresis and intravenous saline infusion matched with urine output, using a novel dedicated device designed for contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) prevention. BACKGROUND CIN is a frequent cause of acute kidney injury associated with increased morbidity and mortality. METHODS A total of 170 consecutive patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) undergoing coronary procedures were randomized to either furosemide with matched hydration (FMH group, n = 87) or to standard intravenous isotonic saline hydration (control group; n = 83). The FMH group received an initial 250-ml intravenous bolus of normal saline over 30 min followed by an intravenous bolus (0.5 mg/kg) of furosemide. Hydration infusion rate was automatically adjusted to precisely replace the patient's urine output. When a urine output rate >300 ml/h was obtained, patients underwent the coronary procedure. Matched fluid replacement was maintained during the procedure and for 4 h post-treatment. The definition of CIN was a ≥25% or ≥0.5 mg/dl rise in serum creatinine over baseline. RESULTS In the FMH group, no device- or therapy-related complications were observed. Four (4.6%) patients in the FMH group developed CIN versus 15 (18%) controls (p = 0.005). A lower incidence of cumulative in-hospital clinical complications was also observed in FMH-treated patients than in controls (8% vs. 18%; p = 0.052). CONCLUSIONS In patients with CKD undergoing coronary procedures, furosemide-induced high urine output with matched hydration significantly reduces the risk of CIN and may be associated with improved in-hospital outcome. (Induced Diuresis With Matched Hydration Compared to Standard Hydration for Contrast Induced Nephropathy Prevention [MYTHOS]; NCT00702728).